The objective of this guide is to provide a practical summary regarding current knowledge and understanding of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). The information presented is focused on clinically relevant and practical information to help field veterinarians and farm team personnel interested in animal health.
KEY FEATURES:
➜ High-quality contents and practical approach.
➜ Easy-to-read and use for reference.
➜ Summarizes the current knowledge of the disease.
AUTHOR:
ALEJANDRO RAMÍREZ
Associate Professor at Iowa State University (Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine
Department), with duties in teaching, research, and professional practice. In 2011 he received his PhD in
Veterinary Microbiology with emphasis in Preventive Medicine from Iowa State University.
TABLE OF CONTENTS:
1. Introduction
Brief history
Agent
Structure
Small
Enveloped
Shape
Single strand RNA
Nine open read fragments
(ORFs 1a, 1b, 2, 2b, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7)
2. Economic impact
Economic impact of PRRS
3. Clinical signs
Clinical signs of PRRS
General clinical signs
Reproductive clinical signs
Respiratory clinical signs
4. Pathogenesis
Tissue tropism
Lesions
Lung
Lymph nodes
Other lesions
5. Epidemiology
PRRSv epidemiologic characteristics
Highly infectious
Low transmission potential
Incubation time
Routes of transmission
Persistent infections
Mutations and quasispecies
Subpopulations
6. Immunity
Introduction
Innate immunity
Definitions
Adaptive cell-mediated immunity
Humoral immunity
Maternal immunity
Cross-protection
7. Diagnostic tests
Agent detection
Best samples
Histopathology
Virus isolation (VI)
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Direct fluorescent antibody test (FA)
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Genetic sequencing
Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
Antibody detection
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Serum virus neutralization (SVN or SN)
Indirect fluorescent antibody assay (IFA)
Immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA)
8. Herd monitoring
Monitoring program design
Serum
Oral fluids
Herd classification
Important notes regarding breeding herd
classification
9. Biosecurity
PRRSv resistance in the environment
Environmental stability
Water and manure
Pork meat
Vectors
Biosecurity practices
PADRAP
10. Control and elimination
Role of vaccines
Killed vaccines
Modified live virus (MLV) vaccines
Basics of control
McRebel program
Herd closure
Homogenize
PRRSv elimination
AASV position statement regarding PRRS
Depopulation and repopulation (depop-repop)
Test and removal
Herd rollover
Regional elimination
